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Found 2 results

  1. I recently bought a 2007 Nissan Navara with YD-25TDDi 2.5L Turbo Engine which also has a DPF ( Diesel Particulate Filter). When I did my 1st service I used Delo Gold engine oil in it with the following standards "API CH4/SL, CG-4, CF-4,CF,CD. Today when i was reading an article I saw that I must use an engine oil with CJ-4 Standard or else I will have problems with my DPF later on. I'm using Super Diesel on mine because in my User Manual, Nissan highly recommend a Diesel with low Sulphur and 50+ Cetane level. As I found out Normal Diesel is 46 Cetane and 0.5 Slphur where Super is 53 Cetane and 0.03 in Sulphur. Apparently The new API CJ-4 oils are made for high-performance diesel engines designed to meet 2007 on-highway exhaust emission standards. API CJ-4 oils exceed previous performance requirements and are specifically designed to protect emission control systems, help comply with emission standards, reduce engine wear, and control piston deposits and oil consumption. Does anyone knows a Diesel engine oil which meets the CJ-4 Standard in Sri Lanka?
  2. DPF (Diesel Particulate Filters) What they are and how they work. Ok a bit of info about the DPF from Wikipedia... A diesel particulate filter (or DPF) is a device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. Wall-flow diesel particulate filters usually remove 85% or more of the soot, and under certain conditions can attain soot removal efficiencies of close to 100%. Some filters are single-use, intended for disposal and replacement once full of accumulated ash. Others are designed to burn off the accumulated particulate either passively through the use of a catalyst or by active means such as a fuel burner which heats the filter to soot combustion temperatures; engine programming to run when the filter is full in a manner that elevates exhaust temperature or produces high amounts of NOx to oxidize the accumulated ash, or through other methods. This is known as "filter regeneration". Cleaning is also required as part of periodic maintenance, and it must be done carefully to avoid damaging the filter. Failure of fuel injectors or turbochargers resulting in contamination of the filter with raw diesel or engine oil can also necessitate cleaning.[1] The regeneration process occurs at road speeds higher than can generally be attained on city streets; vehicles driven exclusively at low speeds in urban traffic can require periodic trips at higher speeds to clean out the DPF.[2] If the driver ignores the warning and waits too long to operate the vehicle above 40 miles per hour (64 km/h), the DPF may not regenerate properly, and continued operation past that point may spoil the DPF completely so it must be replaced. (End of Wikipedia) DPFs There are two main types of DPFs. One type which works only with EGTs or Exhaust gas temperatures and the other being the once which comes with a built in diesel injectors. To burn the soot particles inside the filter, DPF needs a temperature of around 600 degrees Celsius . An average diesel engine may produce about 350 degrees at normal working loads which is not sufficient. When a DPF re-gen is required the ECU will raise the EGT to around 600 depending by type of the DPF either spraying diesel at the exhaust stroke of the engine or if the DPF has a built-in injector then using that injector to burn more diesel just before the filter to get the required temperature. Still, only a diesel spray will not allow the ECU to get enough EGT at the DPF. That's where the load requirement comes in. This maybe different with the DPF's which comes with a built-in injector. For example ISUZU trucks uses this extra injector method so in most cases they can be regenerated while the car is stationary(These type of DPFs comes with a manual re-gen button too). If the blockage is too severe you might have to drive it at a high speed, but for DPF's which rely on EGTs only, needs to be driven with the required load until the Re-gen cycle is finished. Once these soot particles are burnt they become a white dust and get blown out from the exhaust. This is a lot less harmful for the environment than black soot particles. I would also like to point out that Audi and VW TDi engines uses an highly effective DPF system where the DPF is situated at the exhaust manifold itself so it's much easier for the ECU to increase EGTs using less fuel and more efficiently due to the higher temperatures which are already present for the Re-gen process. I don't know why other car makes do not use the same method. Probably due to a patent right with VW. Why do I get the DPF light on ? As the DPF filters soot particles from the exhaust, they tend to block the filter. How this is measured is via 2 pressure sensors built in to the DPF before the filter and after. The ECU always compare the two pressure readings. When the DPF is blocked, the pressure reading before the filter becomes higher and the reading after the filter becomes low creating a pressure difference. Once this difference go beyond a pre-specified value, the ECU decides it's time to Re-generate or clean the filter. However this is not the only way the ECU decides to make a re-gen. Some ECU's are made in a way that it monitors your driving habits. For example if you have not driven your vehicle in a speed more than 70km/h for more 20-40mins with-in last 300-400Kms, the ECU will decide to start a Re-gen cycle regardless of the pressure readings. ECU will also take the readings from the 2 oxygen sensors before and after the DPF to get an accurate reading of what's happening inside the DPF. So if the DPF is blocked or the ECU assumes that it could be blocked, That's when you get the DPF light on your dash. What Happens after the DPF light comes on? The DPF light indicates that either your ECU is currently running a DPF re-gen cycle or your DPF could be blocked due to above mentioned reasons so the ECU tries to run a Re-gen cycle as soon as possible. Once the DPF light pops up, depending on the manufacturer and model, you have given a certain amount of Kms to get it cleared by getting your DPF cleaned. For example for a Nissan Navara D40 you get about 160kms limit. If you don't take the necessary steps to get your DPF cleaned by starting a Re-Gen cycle, your vehicle will go to a stage called the LIMP MODE. A diesel car will go to limp mode for many reasons or faults. DPF block or a fault is just one of them. This is a safety measure taken by the ECU to avoid further damage to the components of your vehicle due to the fault. What Happens in Limp mode? The ECU will cut down power and stop the RPM rising above specific number. Ideally Limp mode is there so that you can drive your car slowly with minimum load to the engine taking it to a mechanic and get your problem sorted out. Driving long distances in Limp mode can cause serious damage to your engine as well as making things worst with the problem you had to go in to limp mode at the first place. So in case your vehicle goes in to limp mode due to a DPF block, take it to a mechanic as soon as possible. They will do a manual regeneration and clean the DPF. If your filter has been damaged or blocked beyond repair you will have to replace it. How do I avoid limp mode due to a DPF blockage ? Once you get the DPF light on the dash, you need to act as soon as possible to help the ECU to run a DPF re-gen cycle. The way to do this can depend on the type of DPF you have. If you have a switch to turn on the DPF Re-generation, follow the instructions in the user manual and do so. If the requirement is to drive the vehicle at a high speed for 20-40mins then this should be done as soon as possible. If the DPF is not taken care of it could get damaged, they are very expensive to replace. What's the relationship between DPF and Engine Oil? Car manufacturers recommend that you have to use an engine oil which is specially formulated for the use in cars with DPF's. This type of oil is known as API-CJ4 specification or Low-Ash Oil. The reason behind this is that when the DPF-regen cycle is running, as I mentioned before, the ECU will get the injectors to dump fuel into the cylinders while the engine is on exhaust stroke to get the EGT's up, but as a side effect, some of these unburned diesel ends up going passing the oil rings and mixing with engine oil. Also modern diesel engines are equipped with an EGR or exhaust gas re-circulation What this does is to get some of those exhaust gas back in to the inlet of the engine to control the cylinder combustion temperatures. This is purely to keep the NOx level down because high temperatures produce more NOx. So when the DPF Re-gen cycle is running, all that soot particles and unburnt diesel is going right back into the engine contaminating engine oil. Also we all know that every engine burns a small amounts of oil while its operation, so the engine oils which were not made up to CJ-4 standard may contain additives which becomes soot after burning but will not fully burn at the DPF at 600 Degrees. This may block the DPF permanently and the Re-gen will not be able to clean it thus clogging up the DPF. Unfortunately I was unable to find a DPF compatible engine oil in SL so i ended up using CL-4 Standard oil which is the one before CJ-4 (M*bil De1v*c MX). . That's why the DPF compatible engine oil is very important. Otherwise as soon as the oil gets contaminated passing a level it loses its lubricating properties and also it becomes thinner in viscosity so the engine will wear out at a considerable rate. How do I avoid damage to my DPF and the engine? Few steps, Use good quality diesel (Low in sulphur and low carbon - Less soot - Happy DPF ) Super Diesel in SL Read the label at the back of engine oil container and Use a high quality engine oil. Just because it's a big brand does not mean it's up to the standard. (CJ-4 recommended but if you can't find it at least use a high quality brand with a higher rating as much as possible, do not use CG-4 spec as it contains additives which are a lot harmful for your DPF) Try to avoid too many short trips, if this is not possible.. at least do a long drive for 20- 40mins at a higher speed every few 100 kms. Change oil at regular intervals. Advantages of DPFs Very low carbon emissions compared to diesel vehicles with no DPF as some DPFs are nearly 100% efficient in removing soot particles. Disadvantages of DPFs Poor fuel economy when compared with a no DPF model of the same engine. Less power when compared with a no DPF model of the same engine. High maintenance costs. inability to drive short distances continuously. I hope this gives you an idea about how DPF's work.. and hopefully with better understanding and better maintenance will save you some avoidable repair costs. Thanks.
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